Understanding the Causes of Oral Ulcers (Canker Sores): A Dental Health Guide

Oral ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, painful sores inside the mouth. These sores can make eating, drinking, and talking uncomfortable. Many people wonder about the causes of oral ulcers (canker sores) and how to prevent them. In this guide, you will learn about what causes mouth sores, who is at risk, and how to keep your mouth healthy.

What Are Oral Ulcers (Canker Sores)?

Oral ulcers, or canker sores, are open wounds that form inside the mouth. They often appear on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums. Usually, they look white or yellow with a red border. Although they are not contagious, they can be very painful. Most canker sores heal on their own within one to two weeks. However, some may last longer or keep coming back.

Common Causes of Oral Ulcers (Canker Sores)

Many things can lead to oral ulcers. Understanding these causes can help you avoid them. Here are some of the most common reasons:

Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety can trigger mouth sores in some people.

Injury: Accidentally biting your cheek, brushing too hard, or dental work can cause ulcers.

Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins, especially B12, iron, or folic acid, may lead to sores.

Hormonal Changes: Changes during menstruation or pregnancy can increase the risk.

Allergies: Some foods, like nuts, chocolate, or acidic fruits, may trigger ulcers in sensitive people.

Underlying Health Conditions: Diseases like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or a weak immune system can cause frequent mouth sores.

Sometimes, toothpaste or mouthwash with sodium lauryl sulfate can also irritate the mouth and cause ulcers.

Risk Factors

Anyone can get oral ulcers, but some people are more likely to develop them. For example, teenagers and young adults often get canker sores more than older adults. Women may also have a higher risk due to hormonal changes. If you have a family history of mouth sores, you might get them more often. People with certain health conditions, like immune system problems, are also at higher risk.

When to See a Dentist

Most canker sores heal on their own. However, you should see a dentist if:

The sore lasts longer than two weeks

You have very large or painful ulcers

You get sores often

You have trouble eating or drinking

You notice a fever or feel very unwell

Early care can help rule out serious problems and speed up healing. According to the CDC, it is important to get checked if you have frequent or severe mouth sores.

Prevention Tips

While you cannot always prevent oral ulcers, you can lower your risk. Try these simple tips:

Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals

Brush gently with a soft toothbrush

Avoid foods that trigger your mouth sores

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Use toothpaste and mouthwash without harsh chemicals

Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist

For more advice, the World Health Organization suggests regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene.

Conclusion

Oral ulcers (canker sores) are common and usually not serious. However, they can be painful and bothersome. Knowing the causes of oral ulcers (canker sores) and following prevention tips can help you avoid them. If you have frequent or severe mouth sores, consult a dentist for personalized advice on managing oral ulcers (canker sores).